SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.company_id = 1 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 5079 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    1128285, 1128289, 1129605, 1129852, 
    525901, 1128299, 1199097, 2055715, 
    1718556, 1128294, 1129606, 1444124, 
    1128290, 1199098, 1373431, 1722316, 
    1373435, 1373432, 1128108, 1199099, 
    1199095, 1129597, 1128097, 1129869, 
    1129863, 1128078, 1193387, 1198929, 
    1198866, 1129865, 1129867, 1198921, 
    1129873, 1129857, 1129861, 1129864, 
    2538988
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00787

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "253.25"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 124,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 124,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "13.38",
              "eval_cost": "12.40",
              "prefix_cost": "25.78",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`maniamall_cscart`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (1128285,1128289,1129605,1129852,525901,1128299,1199097,2055715,1718556,1128294,1129606,1444124,1128290,1199098,1373431,1722316,1373435,1373432,1128108,1199099,1199095,1129597,1128097,1129869,1129863,1128078,1193387,1198929,1198866,1129865,1129867,1198921,1129873,1129857,1129861,1129864,2538988))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "maniamall_cscart.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 124,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "122.07",
              "eval_cost": "12.40",
              "prefix_cost": "160.25",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "maniamall_cscart.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "80.60",
              "eval_cost": "0.62",
              "prefix_cost": "253.25",
              "data_read_per_join": "16K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "company_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`maniamall_cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`company_id` = 1) and ((`maniamall_cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`maniamall_cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`maniamall_cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`maniamall_cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result