SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    41386, 41284, 41377, 41378, 41188, 41498, 
    41314, 41286, 41213, 41309, 41385, 
    41337, 41313, 42193, 41380, 41306, 
    41260, 41496, 41376, 42169, 41773, 
    41361, 41259, 41193, 41291, 41292, 
    41174, 41177, 41214, 41178, 8910, 41499, 
    41175, 41359, 41179, 1077, 41390, 40211, 
    41176, 41294, 41180, 1575, 41167, 41285, 
    41181, 1290, 41164, 2846, 2480, 33570, 
    7224, 1595, 1124, 5602, 42909, 6554, 
    1286, 1126, 1606, 2528, 5778, 2865, 
    1123, 1604, 2514, 2632, 42908, 42584, 
    1125, 2570, 2489, 42899, 42910, 1122, 
    1619, 1584, 2851, 1291
  )

Query time 0.00123

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "25.09"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "parent"
      ],
      "key": "parent",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 122,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 122,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "12.89",
        "eval_cost": "12.20",
        "prefix_cost": "25.09",
        "data_read_per_join": "316K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`maniamall_cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`parent_id` in (41386,41284,41377,41378,41188,41498,41314,41286,41213,41309,41385,41337,41313,42193,41380,41306,41260,41496,41376,42169,41773,41361,41259,41193,41291,41292,41174,41177,41214,41178,8910,41499,41175,41359,41179,1077,41390,40211,41176,41294,41180,1575,41167,41285,41181,1290,41164,2846,2480,33570,7224,1595,1124,5602,42909,6554,1286,1126,1606,2528,5778,2865,1123,1604,2514,2632,42908,42584,1125,2570,2489,42899,42910,1122,1619,1584,2851,1291))"
    }
  }
}

Result