SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    884, 2645, 5554, 15016, 28650, 14939, 
    7307, 14966, 15013, 28652, 2995, 28563, 
    28651, 972, 7132, 3100, 14928, 883, 
    28614, 28653, 5548, 1449, 28654, 2464, 
    848, 984, 3662, 5077, 1017, 5190, 28020, 
    967, 6766, 23396, 6333, 30411, 29114, 
    30093
  )

Query time 0.00156

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "42.82"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "parent"
      ],
      "key": "parent",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 211,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 211,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "21.72",
        "eval_cost": "21.10",
        "prefix_cost": "42.82",
        "data_read_per_join": "547K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`maniamall_cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`parent_id` in (884,2645,5554,15016,28650,14939,7307,14966,15013,28652,2995,28563,28651,972,7132,3100,14928,883,28614,28653,5548,1449,28654,2464,848,984,3662,5077,1017,5190,28020,967,6766,23396,6333,30411,29114,30093))"
    }
  }
}

Result