SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    8308, 8292, 8198, 8227, 8237, 8202, 8374, 
    8207, 8236, 8264, 8375, 8206
  )

Query time 0.00029

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "3.13"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "parent"
      ],
      "key": "parent",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 12,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 12,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "1.93",
        "eval_cost": "1.20",
        "prefix_cost": "3.13",
        "data_read_per_join": "31K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`maniamall_cscart`.`cscart_categories`.`parent_id` in (8308,8292,8198,8227,8237,8202,8374,8207,8236,8264,8375,8206))"
    }
  }
}