SELECT 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_ult_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_ult_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_ult_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_ult_product_prices.price * cscart_ult_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_ult_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id IN (
    621057, 600081, 621042, 600012, 621081, 
    621013, 621062, 600266, 620876, 620902, 
    621045, 621082, 621063, 600115, 600228, 
    600052, 600132, 621066, 620921, 600044, 
    599887, 621019, 600112, 600223, 600204, 
    600286, 620995, 620999, 600084, 621108, 
    621078, 621079, 599947, 621067, 620984, 
    620996, 620997, 620904
  ) 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.company_id = 1 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00073

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "1.20"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_ult_product_prices",
        "access_type": "ref",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "company_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "company_id",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "company_id"
        ],
        "key_length": "4",
        "ref": [
          "const"
        ],
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 7,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
        "filtered": "27.00",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "0.50",
          "eval_cost": "0.19",
          "prefix_cost": "1.20",
          "data_read_per_join": "60"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "company_id",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "((`maniamall_cscart`.`cscart_ult_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`maniamall_cscart`.`cscart_ult_product_prices`.`product_id` in (621057,600081,621042,600012,621081,621013,621062,600266,620876,620902,621045,621082,621063,600115,600228,600052,600132,621066,620921,600044,599887,621019,600112,600223,600204,600286,620995,620999,600084,621108,621078,621079,599947,621067,620984,620996,620997,620904)) and (`maniamall_cscart`.`cscart_ult_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,0,1)))"
      }
    }
  }
}